Introduction to Pronouncing the French Alphabet

French pronunciation can be one of the more difficult aspects of learning French, especially for English speakers, but with time and practice, it is definitely possible to develop a good French accent. It important to do so eventually.  In French, pronunciation is a very big deal.  Phonetics, the system and study of sounds uttered in speaking  a language, in short, the way a language is pronounced, is taught in every language school serving foreigners. Students are drilled in opening their mouth, pursing their lips, hitting the roof of their mouth precisely with their tongue and other techniques involved in speaking French correctly.   Consonants and Vowels The French alphabet has the same 26 letters as the English alphabet does, but of course, most of the letters are pronounced differently in the two languages. In addition, French has five accents: four for vowels and one for a consonant, which English, of course, does not have. Vowels are the most problematic for non-native speakers, especially speakers of Germanic languages like English and German, who do not use the muscles in their face and mouth as much as the French. In the table below, start at the top with the links to pronunciation guides for French consonants and  French vowels.   Links to Detailed Letter Pages Then click on the capital letters in the table below and youll move on to the letter pages, each of which offers a detailed description of the pronunciation of that letter, including letter combinations, numerous examples and information about the accents that may be used with that letter. For each letter, note the rules governing its pronunciation, and follow them. When you are comfortable with pronouncing letters, proceed to the French Audio Guide, which illustrates with sound files, rules of the road and examples how to pronounce 2,500 French words and expressions. Remember that there is only so much you can do to improve your pronunciation on your own. At some point, you will almost certainly need to take a class, go to France  or hire a private tutor. Online pronunciation lessons like these can never take the place of interaction with native or fluent speakers, but at least they can help you get started or supplement what youve already learned. Allez-y! Pronounce the French Alphabet Consonants  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vowels ​ A  Ã‚  B  Ã‚  C  Ã‚  D  Ã‚  E  Ã‚  F  Ã‚  G  Ã‚  H  Ã‚  I  Ã‚  J  Ã‚  K  Ã‚  L  Ã‚  M  Ã‚  N  Ã‚  O  Ã‚  P  Ã‚  Q  Ã‚  R  Ã‚  S  Ã‚  T  Ã‚  U  Ã‚  V  Ã‚  W  Ã‚  X  Ã‚  Y  Ã‚  Z

Mozambique Is A Poor Country Essay - 1599 Words

Introduction Mozambique is a poor country located in South-eastern Africa, having a population of 25, 303, 113 it suffers the risk of food insecurity. Food security is when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food, that meets dietary requirements for a healthy lifestyle. Mozambique has a ‘high level of food insecurity, like many other countries in Africa, putting individuals, families and communities at risk. Some major factors in Mozambique that affect its food security are poor agriculture, the occurrence of natural disasters, and the presence of diseases particularly HIV and AIDS. Along with many other minor contributors such as food prices, urban migration, and pollution of surface and coastal waters. Background Mozambique is one of the world s poorest countries, sitting on the east coast of Africa bordering the Mozambique Channel, it has neighbouring countries, South Africa, Malawi and Tanzania. Its current population is 25, 303, 113 with the capital city Maputo having a population of 1, 191, 613. Out of this massive population, 64% of people are food insecure, consuming 2,112 kilocalories per Capita per day. In Mozambique, 52% of the country is below the poverty line with the average life expectancy rate being 52.18 years for males and 53.72 years for females. Out of this population, only 58.8% of people over 15 can read and write, while a large 39.4% of people are unemployed. Children are also affected asShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of South Africa1372 Words   |  6 Pageseastern border, lies a country with one of the most beautiful and stretched coastlines in the world. It is well-known for its crystal clear waters and world class resorts. Rated as one of the top five freediving locations (Wanderlust Travel Magazine, 2016), it attracts tourists from all over the world. 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Joint Venture Has Political Protection,1582 Words   |  7 Pages There are two major risks that faced by Mozal: the risk of financial nature and the risk of physical nature. The first refers to the uncertainty due to poor economic conditions, creating pricing risk that can lower prices; The environmental restrictions resulting from the Kyoto Protocol oblige subscribing countries to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. In this way, Mozal is working on way to reduce power consumption as well as other initiatives such as switching the sourcesRead MoreKey Goals Of The Millennium Development Goals1403 Words   |  6 Pagesmalnutrition in children also increases their risk of mortality and can lead to severe malnutrition, which can be life-threatening. Poor nutrition is directly or indirectly attributed to 52.5-60% of deaths among children under 5.1,2 Malnutrition, then, can also be seen as an indicator of MDG 4, reducing child mortality. 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Wealthy countries and international financial institutionsRead MoreThe Importance Of Country Information On Northern Africa1506 Words   |  7 PagesCountry Information: Northern Africa: Algeria- The citizens are living in poverty, but the nation is wealthy due to their mass amounts of oil. Their economy level is upper middle income rate. Within the country there is about 18,000 people living with HIV or AIDS. Algeria is willing to direct money towards healthcare, but it is riddled with poor infrastructure. Its citizens generally favor Western Medicine. Unfortunately the country faces overpopulation, and is overcrowded in some cities. Egypt-Read MoreEssay about Impacts of Poor Health Services in Mozambique2012 Words   |  9 Pageschildren below the age of five were positive for malaria parasites in a country widestudy (MISAU-PNCM, 2009). Admittance to health services remains tremendously low. Nationwide,56% of the inhabitantsmoved almost an hour to get to the nearest health Centre andgenerally, only about half of the population has access to community health facilities (Ministà ©rio da Saà ºde, 2007). Equally in many other low earnings countries, Mozambique still hinges on foreign aid to fund the health care sector. In 2008 73%Read MoreWhy Was Eduardo Mondlane Assassinated?1978 Words   |  8 Pagessupported by documented history from various books and articles. The books used are Eduardo Mondlane: Panaf Great Lives Series. Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution, 1900-1982 by Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman will be analyzed for their origins, purposes, values and limitations. I chose this topic was chosen was because American International School of Mozambique has welcomed several Mondlane family members as speakers. These members spoke about the life of Mondlane; they focused on the

Karl Marx and Marxist Class Struggle Free Essays

Marxist Approach Marx’s Beliefs: Philosophy was meant to be used as a tool to bring about change. The capitalist system caused the alienation of the workers, therefore causing them not to be able to live to the fullest http://ragingdove12603. tripod. We will write a custom essay sample on Karl Marx and Marxist Class Struggle or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/id13. html Queen, Plaid, and Big Tall Goony-Goony walk into AP in â€Å"nothing but bathing suits†, and don’t â€Å"even have shoes on†. The girls walking in â€Å"naked† and â€Å"barefoot† can represent a Marxist class struggle. Sammy’s high admiration and observance from behind the cashier towards these girls in the story portrays a Marxist class struggle. He views the girls, especially Queenie, as superior and high-class, and compares himself and the place he works in as â€Å"crummy†. In this case, it’s Sammy who is â€Å"the working-class†, and he tries doing something about his position/status by quitting his job for these high-class girls. He doesn’t see working at AP or his manager Lengal as desirable as he sees the class of these girls. He struggles in the end with his decision: â€Å"Looking back in the big windows . . . I could see Lengel in my place in the slot . . . and my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter. Feminist Approach: Sammy as a possible girl â€Å"Being naked approaches being revolutionary; going barefoot is mere populism† – John Updike Populism is a â€Å"political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. † â€Å"You know, it’s one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit on the beach . . . and another thing in the cool of the AP, under the fluorescent lights . . . with her feet paddling along naked over our checkerboard green-and-cream rubber-tile floor. Perhaps Sammy emphasizes â€Å"her† descriptions of the three girls, because she admires their revolution of having to be working women/women under â€Å"policy† and desires their courage and freedom to be â€Å"different†. Or perhaps Sammy desires the freedom and luxury (power) the girls have. By entering AP â€Å"naked† and â€Å"barefoot† the girls show power/voice to be seen, something uncommon for most girls during the time. They face the consequence of Lengal. Sammy witnessing Lengalembarrass the girls quits to stand up for them, but doesn’t catch their attention. How to cite Karl Marx and Marxist Class Struggle, Papers

Social Media Marketing Concepts Applied -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSocial Media Marketing Concepts Applied in Agribusiness. Answer: Introduction Technological advancement and innovation have taken effect in the current world hence a paradigm shift in production modes and daily operations of agricultural products. This advancement has equally shifted the methods of communication from agriculture industries to the public. Agriculture is becoming more diversified as population grows demanding an exploration of different communication options to reach the target market. Bayer and Monsanto are the best examples of agribusiness companies that sell seeds and other agricultural products internationally. Bayer and Monsanto extensively market their agricultural products through the social media and this has been the key factor behind their success in the market. Most farmers are embracing tech-based advertisement techniques such as social media to connect with the consumers at a personal level. Through social media marketing tools, Monsanto and Bayer target and properly meet their customers. Ideally, social sites are swift, instant, sp ontaneous, and heighten relationships between farmers and their clients. This marketing strategy has been emulated by most businesses as well especially Bayer. Industries are hiring social media experts to manage their sites and create traffic (Kolb, 2008, p.1357). This study explains approaches to social media use in agribusiness industry with reference to Bayer and Monsanto companies. Social Media Sites Social media is a fundamental marketing tool in agribusiness especially for Bayer. This marketing strategy allows businesses to interact with their clients expanding their reach. The most common social sites used for marketing agribusiness are Facebook, Twitter, blogs, and YouTube channels. These sites allow farmers without restrictions to sharing their opinions (Miller, 2009, p. 472). Facebook offers users an option of creating a fan page for companys brands and services, and Bayer uses this tool. Twitter allows businesses to create 140 character posts for users to follow, and Monsanto Company is known for using this tool while marketing its agricultural products such as seeds to customers. Blogs are online journals written by business owners about their agricultural products. YouTube allows businesses to broadcast video clips to attract viewership, and this is highly used by Bayer when marketing its seeds (Miller, 2009, p. 474). Approaches to Social Media Marketing in Agribusiness There are various approaches to social media use in agribusiness by different companies. These approaches are discussed below as follows; Setting concrete goals. Goals determine what we tend to achieve by the closure of an activity or a period. Agriculture based businesses and entrepreneurs such as Monsanto Company should single out why they opt to use social media sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Goggle+, Pintest, tweeter accounts, and others to run ads on their products and services. Having such a mindset opens the scope in terms of resources and methods to adopt within the industry to get the message to the end user. This equally helps agribusiness to adjust their strategies to suit their objectives. Practically, likes, shares, and positive comments from the public are good indicators of the successfulness of the selected approach (Shih, 2011, p. 229). Creative social team. It is prudent to have a team of people to execute the social media strategy. This ensures the site is well managed in terms of content, graphics, and feedback. Even though the outlined tasks should be shared among the members, there is a need of putting one person in charge to oversee the site to avoid mistakes and errors that may tarnish the name of the organization (May Warr, 2011,p. 380). Setting site guidelines. Dahl ( 2015, p. 464) argue that a content strategy should be created to match the goals of the social site as well as those of the company by taking into account the companys mission and brands. This will ensure that the content resonates with the seeds customers and maintains consistency. Additionally, this strategy ensures that the cost is effective and in accordance with the agricultural marketing strategy. Determinants of Successful Social Media Usage in Agribusiness The legal factors. Just as any other form of marketing, social media is guided by the Corporation Act 2001 that limits social media ability. For instance, section 734 requires advertisements to contain selective statements which are accessible to investors a policy highly used by Monsanto (Carpenter Lertpratchya, 2016, p. 351). Therefore, agribusiness industries and individuals should select a well-structured slogan communicating their businesses. To the lower end, complying with such a requirement is a challenge due to technical limitations. For example, Twitter posts are limited to 140 characters inclusive of hyperlinks. Equally, controversies of advertisement restrictions would lead to criminal liability. The stated restrictions work to the disadvantage of agribusiness industries and entrepreneurs. Limitations on effectiveness. Social media effectiveness in agribusiness is limited to reaching out the potential investors. The successfulness of this approach depends on the targets will to engage with social sites. This can be solved by expert creativity to lure the potential clients into engaging with the site, however, does not promise to sell the brand (Fariborzi, 2012, p. 544). Cost considerations. Social media allows agricultural users to post whatever they want at no charge. Such posts are limited to immediate followers of the business or brand. To enlarge the audience reach, paid ads or sponsored content are advised. In this context, payment depends on the number of the target audience to be reached out (Goldman, 2013, p. 107).Having a prior knowledge of demographics such as age, gender network choice, and location will help to tailor the content in the most cost effective way cutting down on unplanned expenditures. Practically, posts on Facebook attract less cost as compared to LinkedIn and Twitter networks. This is why Bayer prefers Facebook to LinkedIn while selling its seeds. Establishing trust and human connections. Potential agribusiness investors are less likely to act on the basis of invites from social media sites as compared to an email, phone call or a text from a broker whom they have established contact with. Therefore, it is important to value human interaction before engaging in social media marketing (May Warr, 2011, p. 380). Oversight of user content. Social media content is unidirectional and spontaneous (Goldman, 2013, p. 105).The content runs the risk of manipulation since it is designed in a way that the user can share, repost, and transmit. For example, a negative comment on the Bayers website or social platform exposes it to dangers of attack from the public domain and can cost it in terms of financial position and loss of potential investors due to prospects information. It is therefore ideal to take caution, monitor user agribusiness activities and respond to negative comments. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media Marketing Social Media Marketing Advantages Large audiences reach. Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest command a huge audience. Specifically, Facebook and Twitter accounts have approximately 350 million users, Instagram has 500 million, and Pinterest has 110 million (Fariborzi, 2012, p. 542). This audience may work for the good of agribusiness by attracting more clients hence a huge profit margin as well as market globally. Free creation. Social media marketing is entirely free to start. There is no start-up fee charged therefore agribusiness industries, and persons will only incur costs linked to time and labor. However, there are paid ads to increase audience reach though not a requirement for establishing a social site to run business operations (Dahl, 2015, p. 464). Encourages sharing. Contents, ads, photos, recipes, quotes, slogans, ideas, among other elements posted on social media sites allow users to share to other networks and individual connections (Kolb, 2008, p.1357).This allows viral spreading of the communication set by the business. Increased brand loyalty. Social media does not only increase reach but also brand loyalty. Followers who express interest in a brand shared over social sites are more likely to create a strong brand loyalty that is unshakable (Schneider, 2010, p. 66). Practically, this approach works on two-way communication terms where the customers can express their expectations and the agribusiness industry, or individuals address these expectations. For instance, a strong relationship has got created between Bayers clients and the business hence increasing the confidence in clients decision towards the business agricultural products at present and in future. Unveils valuable insights. Since social sites are communication tools, valuable information about customers is obtained there. With such information, businesses are likely to act upon the highlighted areas and make smarter business decisions. For example, customers views on agricultural products can influence agricultural based industries to restructure their modes of production, service delivery, packaging and design among other factors. It is a platform for evaluating how people think about the business and establishing methods of improvement to better their needs hence a mutual co-existence (Schneider, n.d., p. 67). Social Media Marketing Disadvantages Negative feedback. The unidirectional flow of information and the sharing ability allowed on social sites exposes businesses and entrepreneurs to the risk of losing customers due to glowing views, defamatory comments, and abusive content. Some of the negative comments may, however, come directly from staff members jeopardizing the image and growth efforts of the seeds business. For instance, employees may paint a bad picture of their bosses and the company as well by exposing internal issues linked to the business via social media in the form of attacks or threats. This makes clients loss trust in the organization agribusiness operations (Agribusiness, 2009, p. 76). A potential tool for embarrassment. Communication is spontaneous therefore social media exposes individuals and companies to risk of being embarrassed in the event where a non intended post runs on their site due to errors (Tarnanidis, Vlachopoulou Papathanassiou, 2009, p. 399). Shockingly, error linked posts go easily noticed and receive a swift reaction from the public domain diminishing the image and position of a business or an individual. Time intensive. It calls for extra efforts and time to maintain consistency within social media platforms, especially when dealing with interactive sessions (Burke, 2005, p. 70).The dedication and resource mobilization constraints may be witnessed leading to stagnation of social media sites. For example, delayed feedback and updates strain target relations. Social sites need investing on time to attract more followers and build lasting relationships. This attracts more customers to Bayer while selling its seeds and other agricultural products. Roles of Social Media in Agribusiness Social media plays a pivotal role in agribusiness. This technology allows agricultural based businesses such as Bayer and Monsanto to engage with their clients, it increases calibration and supports the value chain in the agriculture sector. As a communication tool, social sites close the gap between farmers, industry, and consumers (An Introduction to Agribusiness' Incoming Editors, 2015, p. 2). Consumer engagement. Marketing for Bayer has been enhanced through social media sites ranging from Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram, and other related sites. These platforms command a huge target audience for agricultural businesses globally. Through innovative technologies such as smartphones and internet, billions of marketing firms and agribusiness industries for Monsanto connect with farmers and customers and engage them in their operations. Such a move has been linked to increased production and other developments as far as agriculture is concerned (S, 2017, p.23). Industry knowledge and trends. Social media has effectively lead to an industrial revolution in agriculture by spreading new methods of production such as hybrid technology in animals and plants through social sites that allow sharing of knowledge globally for improvements in agricultural methods and practices especially for Monsanto(Zarrella,2010, p 126).Farmers have a smile since solutions to low yields, and other production issues can be found via internet enabled platforms that offer solutions. For example, LinkedIn articles and Facebook pages on farming technique, diseases and pest control and many others. Calibration across regions. Google is a powerful search site that connects a farmer to other farmers giving them an interactive platform across regions. As opposed to traditional ways of production that required a lot of traveling, farmers enjoy the use of social media at the comfort of their homes. For instance, Bayer uses Google drive like a tool of sharing and updating vital information simultaneously to farmers. This has opened a wider resource center that supports agricultural production (Wang He, J. 2011, p. 120). Conclusion Concisely, this paper has addressed social media approaches linked to successful agribusiness. It has key components attached to the successfulness of social media marketing that can be applied in agricultural industries for robust development. It singles out social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter as the most used sites to communicate agribusiness ideas. Competitively, the study reflects on approaches to social media marketing in agribusiness such as setting concrete goals, creative social team, and setting site guidelines for effective operation. Additionally, it singles out legal, cost, limited effectiveness, oversight of user content, trust and human relations as possible success factors within agribusiness marketing strategy. Further, it notes that social media has advantages such as large target audience; free creation, content sharing, unveils valuable insights and increased brand loyalty. More so, the study reveals that social media marketing exposes agribusiness to risks of embarrassment, negative feedback, and time constraints. Strategically, the study singles out social media marketing approach as a communication tool that reduces the gap between agribusiness industries, farmers, and customers through engagements, increased calibration, and supported value chain. In conclusion, the paper has discussed important social media elements applicable in agribusiness. References Agribusiness. (2009). Hampton, Middlesex [England]: Key Note Ltd, pp.77-80. An Introduction to Agribusiness' Incoming Editors. (2015).Agribusiness, 31(1), pp.2-2. Burke, J. (2005).Relationship Aspect Marketing. Aberdeen: Silver Lake Pub., pp.66-70. Carpenter, S. and Lertpratchya, A. (2016). Social Media Communicator Roles: A Scale.Social Media + Society, 2(1), p.205630511663277.pp 340-360 Dahl, S. (2015).Social media marketing. Los Angeles [etc.]: SAGE, pp.461-455. Fariborzi, E. (2012). E-mail Marketing: Advantages, Disadvantages and Improving Techniques.International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management, and e-Learning. Pp. 533-540 Goldman, J. (2013).Going social. New York: American Management Association.pp.100-120 Kolb, R. (2008).Encyclopedia of business ethics and society. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, pp.1342-1390. May, M. and Warr, S. (2011).Teaching creative and media 14+. Maidenhead: Open University Press, pp.345-380. Miller, M. (2009).YouTube for business. Indianapolis, Ind.: Que, pp.321-543. Sikl. D. (2017). Social Media: The Future of Marketing.International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 3(2), pp.23-40. Schneider, C. (2009).Policing and social media. pp. 60-70 Shih, C. (2011).The Facebook era. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, pp.230-247. Tarnanidis, T., Vlachopoulou, M. and Papathanassiou, J. (2010).Driving agribusiness with technology innovations. pp. 346-400 Wang, C. and He, J. (2012).Brand management in emerging markets. pp. 111-128 Zarrella, D. (2010).The Social Media Marketing Book. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, Inc., pp.97-150.

Business Plan Consultancy Services

Research Methodology Introduction and background A report on the success rates of entrepreneurial start-up companies show that many of the organizations in the US do not make it past a critical point. A critical analysis of the situation shows that a decline in the number of business organizations that navigate through the challenges that face every start-up business has been the outcome (Ries 2011).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Business Plan: Consultancy Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has strongly been argued that despite entrepreneurs entering the business world with confidence, most of them lack the requisite professional training and experience necessary to become successful. To address those problems, this business plan aims to provide professional training that engages entrepreneurs with the domain knowledge necessary for them to create effective business plans (Chwolka Raith 2012). The goal of the business plan is to offer consultancy services that draw on different disciplines, skills, competencies, and experience of professional consultants in the business industry. The proposed offerings to focus on include basic documents and links to several internal and external resources. Objectives To investigate the business challenges that lead to the early failure of start-up businesses To determine the entrepreneurial skills necessary for start-up business to be successful To establish the type of offerings necessary for the start-up business Conduct a market analysis of the proposed business plan Establish the marketing strategy for the business plan Establish the staffing and operations of the proposed business plan Develop financial projections for the proposed consultancy services Research questions What factors do lead to the early failure of start-up businesses? What entrepreneurial skills are necessary for start-up business to be successful? Which offerings could be necessary for the start-up business? What are the marketing analysis results of the proposed business plan? Which marketing strategy could be used for the proposed business plan? How will the staffing and operations of the proposed business plan be done? What are the financial projections for the proposed consultancy services? Statement of opportunity After the global financial crisis, it became evident that many entrepreneurs starting new businesses in the United States were unable develop and sustain their businesses to maturity (Chwolka Raith 2012). The purpose of the study will be to develop a business consultancy service that provides business offerings tailored to provide professional consultancy services for new and upcoming business organizations to become successful. Methodology Different research methods based on theory and practice have been proposed for conducting business research. The continuum of research paradigms cannot be entirely applied on the proposed study. Here, two approaches, which include the qualitative and quantitative paradigms, have been proposed as appropriate for fact finding to answer the research questions (Daymon Holloway 2010). In the context of the proposed business plan, the justification for study is based on seeking for answers to questions on the factors that underlie the failures noted among start-up businesses (Churchill Iacobucci 2010). The research will establish the right approaches for answering the research questions on the appropriate marketing strategies to reach the clients, staffing operations, and financial projections besides ethical and legal issues for business establishments. In view of the research objectives, the proposed research paradigm includes theory that helps to explain the aims and functions of this research. Here, the deductive approach is proposed to enable the researcher to establish a connection between theory and practice.Advertising Looking for proposal on business econ omics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, when considering both the deductive and inductive approaches, it is important to note that those strategies enable the researcher to start from general to specific solutions to the research problem. The inductive approach is a top down approach that enables the researcher to develop a hypothesis to address the research questions. Inductive paradigm A critical evaluation of logical thinking on research paradigms shows that the inductive approach provides the framework to infer the results of the study back into the investigation. According to JÃ ¤rvensivu and TÃ ¶rnroos (2010), inductive thinking corresponds to the tenets of approximate reasoning, logical thinking, and probabilistic approaches for creating solutions to the research problem. Besides, inductive reasoning provides the foundation for the professional consultant to apply the cognitive skills in the provision of advi ce on business processes and strategies for beginners. However, JÃ ¤rvensivu and TÃ ¶rnroos (2010) fail short of noting that inductive research could provide the foundation to a number of central issues related to cognitive activities, which include judgement, categorization of qualitative and quantitative data on various aspects of the business plan. This is category based induction where different techniques are used to determine the best strategy to segment and provide the right professional advice to the customers. Deductive approach JÃ ¤rvensivu and TÃ ¶rnroos (2010) provide a good foundation for researching on the use of deductive thinking. In theory, the deductive strategy is based on the methods used for developing hypothesis and drawing conclusions on data based on existing theories, which is used to develop the research design for addressing the research questions. However, the approach that is based on moving from the general to the specific solutions on the research issues under consideration. JÃ ¤rvensivu and TÃ ¶rnroos (2010) notes that deductive logic is systematic, beginning with the investigation of the underlying theory, followed by a hypothesis, observations, and gradually the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis. However, the business plan is not based on validating a hypothesis, but depends on both qualitative and quantitative data to develop appropriate conclusions to act on. In both cases, the deductive and inductive approaches could be combined to address the weaknesses and establish the research on the benefits of both approaches to inform the study. However, it is important to note that the two approaches cannot be used as alternative means, but together. In theory, both methods are based on the process and problem views.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Business Plan: Consultancy Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Qualitative and quantitative paradigms The sources of data include secondary and primary. Secondary sources include data from articles, Internet, and databases. While Daymon and Holloway (2010) do not account in detail how to apply data from the primary sources, it is important to note that interviews and questionnaires are some of the best candidates to adopt into the study. In each case of the combined approach of the qualitative and quantitative paradigms, the deductive and inductive approaches could be used to address the research objectives exhaustively (Daymon Holloway 2010). The approach uses a mixed research method, which work primarily on the positivist techniques that are based on the QUAN and QUAL approaches. Basically, the thematic and statistical analytical are appropriate for use in data analysis based in the mixed research methods function by way of data conversion and transformation techniques to answer the research questions. On the philosophical levels, the mixed research method could be appr opriate for the study because of the ability to counter the incompatibility and pragmatism associated with other research paradigms. Churchill and Iacobucci (2010) contend that the approach is designed in such a way as to avoid the clash that exists between the purposes and capacities of both research methods. In theory, it is appropriate to consider the facts that the QUAN approach employs deductive reasoning and the QUAL approach employs logic or systematic reasoning. Data collection tools In practice, different tools are used for data collection. Among them are interviews, questionnaires, and observations. However, each tool is appropriate for a specific context of the study in data collection (Churchill Iacobucci 2010). The proposed data collection tools include interviews and questionnaires. Observations will not be appropriate for data collection because of the time required for changes on the business to occur is long. In each case, both tools have their own advantages and d isadvantages that suit them for use in this study. Despite lacking generalizations, interviews have certain issues such as acquiesced where some people show string consistency in agreeing or disagreeing on certain questions (Churchill Iacobucci 2010).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other issues include social desirability bias where responses to questions are usually based on one’s bias perceptions. It has been suggested that structured interviews are characterized by response sets, where respondents provide answers that are consistent with the study, but irrelevant to the concepts of investigation. However, interviews provide immediate answers, are time Questionnaires will be used as the tool for data collection when conducting the quantitative study. The rationale is to enable the researcher to collect data and make follow ups when the responses are inadequate. Data analysis Secondary and primary data will be collected and analysed using statistical software to analyse quantitative data and categories to analyse qualitative data. The process of analysing quantitative data will include editing data to ensure completeness and consistency, eliminating questionnaires that have less than 10% responses, converting data into numerical values, and changing th e data into new formats for statistical analysis (Churchill Iacobucci 2010). Here, a univariate analytical approach will be used in the study besides using frequency tables and pie charts to show the behaviour and distribution of the respondents. SPSS will be used to generate numerical values of the mean, standard deviation, mode, and median definitions will be used to analyse the responses. The rationale for using SPSS is that the software has been used by students to analyse data and has been proved to be appropriate for the task. On the other hand, qualitative data will be analysed by the use of the transcription methods using the hyper transcribe software depending on the language translation software such as SYSTTRAN (Churchill Iacobucci 2010). Besides, data cleaning by labeling, structuring, familiarizing, and establishing a coding plan based on the framework for coding the data. By use of the descriptive analysis, the range of responses and recurrent themes will be establis hed using second order analysis. Justify methods for data analysis The approach used in statistical analysis will provide the p-values that enable the significance of the data to be determined so that the probability of establishing extreme values could be avoided. Ethical An ethical form will be issued to seek for consent from the participants and factors such as privacy could be factored as important components in the study (Churchill Iacobucci 2010). In theory, ethics involves the fundamental application of the principles of ethics such as ensuring accurate reporting, ensuring that the principles of moral concern will be factored into the study, intellectual property rights, being conscious of multiple roles, following the principles and rules of informed consent. Validity In theory, validity is the extent to which the results accurately correspond to goals of the study besides the attesting to the evidence of the theory and support of the interpretation of test scores (Churchil l Iacobucci 2010). Content, presentation, face, convergent, concurrent, and construct validity will be assured by putting in place the necessary measures to achieve the different forms of validity. Reliability Reliability is the overall consistency of the measures that will be used to ensure the accuracy and precision of the results. To achieve reliability, the factors that contribute to inconsistencies will be determined and removed to ensure that the results become reliable. Time plan for completion of the project Literature review Introduction This section is a literature review of academic sources that provide qualitative data on the reasons for start-up failures and the appropriate strategies for adoption to avoid failure. The secondary sources of data include articles and books that have been written on the subject of investigation. Business challenges leading to failure of start-ups In the proposed business plan, an investigation will be conducted to determine the challenge s that new entrepreneurs get exposed to that leads to their failure to sustain the business in the market. Simmons, Wiklund and Levie (2014) note that between 2004 and 2013, approximately 2, 000 venture funded companies failed to penetrate and succeed their operations the US. Figure 1: Percentage of failing businesses between 1997 and 2010 Figure 1 shows the rate at which businesses have failed to take off or to continue existing. Simmons, Wiklund and Levie (2014) note 25% to 30% of venture-backed businesses fail for various reasons. Here, failure means that the business either does not generate enough profits to become self-sustaining. Other start-up businesses have all their assets liquidated and investors end up losing all their money despite making investments in high potential businesses. Empirical evidence points out the facts that show the reasons for failure of the start-up businesses. While Simmons, Wiklund and Levie (2014) do not categorise different entrepreneurs, but ge neralise the factors that lead to their failures, the study is rich in the strategies to adopt to avoid failure based on specific indicators. One of the core factors that contribute to failures is marginal niche where the entrepreneur tries to void competition by operating in a limited market size. The study will investigate the effects of marginal niche along with other factors such as derivative ideas, lack of obstinacy in pursuing a business idea to success. Researchers have suggested that market problems make significant contributions to the failures due to lack of value propositions for compelling buyers to be devoted to buying their products, wrong market timing, and a low market size. Daymon and Holloway (2010) suggest business model failures because most start-up entrepreneurs are overly optimistic. They fail to factor issues such as the cost of acquitting a customer, lifetime value of the customer, and the capital efficiency rules. Besides, a poor management team that build s and works on a weak strategy with members who are poor at executing strategies. The study will investigate additional factors such as the effects of getting cash strapped, product related problems, having poor knowledge of who the investors are. The research will focus on problems associated with marketing, failure to adequately conduct a PESTEL analysis and the five forces of competition, which include threat of new entrants into the market, bargaining power of suppliers and customers, threat of substitute products, and industry rivalry. Entrepreneurial skills necessary for start-ups Cassar (2014) provides exhaustive evidence, which points out that for an entrepreneur to be successful, it is vital for them to have some skill to make them navigate through a competitive business. Among the factors to be investigated in the study include the ability to manage money, overcome stress related issues, ability to raise money, strategies for improving ones; productivity, ability to make f riends, knowledge on who to hire into the business, management approaches, and the training and development programs of the staff that the entrepreneur implements. Type of offerings The aim of the proposed business plan is to offer various professional services to educate entrepreneurs on strategic approaches to apply to make start-up businesses successful. Among the proposes areas of investigation are providing start-up kits that provides details on financial models and associated templates to use, business plans for specific markets, and execution presentations. In addition, the proposed offerings include establishing access to program experts through the Internet, telephone conferences, emails, and on-site mentoring. In addition, further investigations will be conducted on additional offerings such as web based access to frequently asked questions to help the client avoid making the same mistakes. It is important to ensure that the customers are informed on technology patenting a nd the patents’ approval cycle. It is proposed that professional services can be offered on other professional platforms by creating free website links to other expert services to supplement those services offered on those in the proposed business plan. Expert services include legal advice, accounting, and investment opportunities. The study will provide the platform for free access to articles on start-ups, techniques for managing cash flows, and incorporation of other businesses into the start-up business. It is proposed that the consultancy services will include assisting clients to determine when and where market opportunities happen, analyse the opportunities, and establish the best methods for opportunity sizing. Market analysis A market analysis based on competitive evaluation of the investing in the plan and market research on the existing opportunity will be conducted to justify the need for a consultancy firm (Galician 2013). Galician (2013) does not present an exha ustive list of strategies to adopt when conducting a market analysis, but provides strong evidence of accurate methods of conducting a market research before making a decision to enter the market. The rationale is to demonstrate that the market is viable and that by offering the services, it is possible to generate profits that could sustain the business. In addition, the study will investigate the current size of the market. Studies show that many companies that are offering similar services focus on established companies and rarely take their services to start-ups. On the other hand, those companies that offer services targeting new start-up businesses are expensive and the success rates of the start-ups are low. In theory, the strategic approach of establishing the feasibility of the business plan and the proposed approach to addressing the market research issues includes conducting cluster analysis, factor analysis, and understanding the customers. The theoretical foundation cou ld include establishing buyer behaviour, relationship development methods, and conducting marketing research. That is in addition to conducting investigations targeting, positioning, and segmentation. Marketing strategy The marketing strategy for the proposed business includes direct selling of the company to the target customers, using agents to market the company among the prospective entrepreneurs, and use of social sites and other Internet based services. In theory, modern marketing strategies are based on massive power transfer to the customer (Palmatier et al. 2006). Here, the proposed marketing strategies include planning, social and ethical responsibility, and being able to develop the required competitive strategies for the business to successfully compete with rivals in the market. However, Internet based services such as social networking websites provide a platform for real time communication between the customer and the service provider. On the other hand, the strategic approach will include investigating the pricing strategies used by the competitors to determine the right pricing mechanisms for the services to be offered. Here, a preliminary investigation shows that an investor presentation could charge $ 2500, developing the marketing plan document could charge $ 1000 alongside the additional services such as focus strategy and plan, cost leadership strategy, service differentiation strategy, advertising plan, and the branding strategy. The proposed charges for the executive mentoring are $1000 and $5000 will be the charges for developing a business plan. Staffing and operations The staffing operations will be done by advertising on the daily newspapers and the Internet to recruit the best candidates for the job. Recruitment will provide the best talents to occupy different positions to build the right management structure to operate the business. Various responsibilities such as marketing, human resource, operations, and risk management will b e filled by qualified and experienced personnel. Besides, employees will be subjected to regular training programs to ensure that those working in the organization are week skilled to do their work. Financial projections Various assumptions underlie the financial projections that provide the framework for arriving at key figures such as profits and income to the business. The sales forecast includes offering services to 10 customers per day besides advertising on the social media. However, the business is projected to grow by 50% in the first year and other subsequent years. On the other hand, the fixed assets of the business cost $ 1000 while $ 12, 000 was taken as a bank loan. Models Teece (2010) provides a reliable academic source that discusses various business models that entrepreneurs can adopt. Examples include the affiliate model that where products are sold by a third party on commission, the Auction model where products are sold through auction, the advertising model which relies on adverts. In theory, a good model enables the entrepreneur to establish a good balance between the cost of acquiring the customer and the ability to monetize those customers. The characteristics of a good business model include those models that enable employees to work and see their jobs within the context of the firm, provide powerful tools for the strategy, and easy to retell the customers about the values offered in the business. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that different perspectives have been discussed on the strategies to adopt for the development of the business plan that could enable successful accomplishments of the outlined objectives. Basically, many business start-ups fail because of lack of professional training on the part of the entrepreneur, lack of organizations that offer specialized services to equip the entrepreneurs with the right skills and knowledge on how to start, manage, and successfully run the business to maturity. In the case of th e study, two theoretical approaches were proposed for use in the study. Both inductive and deductive analytical approaches were recommended for use in conducting and analysing the academic literature to answer the research questions. A mixed research method was proposed for the study. The proposed strategy will provide the framework for capturing various aspects of the business plan by getting informed on how to address the research questions using information processed form data obtained through a mixed research method, which factors both qualitative and quantitative paradigms. In theory, the qualitative paradigm is based on the QUAL technique that enables relevant academic literature to be assessed and critically analysed to inform the various aspects of the business plan. The core area of investigation is to establish the reasons that underpin the failure experienced entrepreneurs setting up new businesses from becoming stable. On the hand, the study will factor QUAN, which is ba sed on the quantitative paradigm to collect data for statistical analysis. Besides, two data collection tools were proposed, which include interviews and questionnaires. However, observations were disqualified for data collection because such a tool could be expensive and require a long period of observations to establish the reasons for the occurrence of failures. On the other hand, interviews were deemed to be the right tools to use for data collection despite the weaknesses associated with them. On the other hand, it was deemed necessary to use two data analysis tools, which include SPSS software for numerical analysis of questionnaire data to generate values such as the mean, standard deviation, and the p-values. Besides, the findings will be evaluated to determine the reliability and validity of qualitative and quantitative data. All the aspects of the quantitative and qualitative research study paradigms will be factored into the study in the data analysis process using approp riate software tools. On the other hand, different models have been proposed to use in the study to answer the research questions. Among the models that were proposed to use in the study is the affiliate model among others. However, the most appropriate model proposed for the study was the advertising model. The need in this case is to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to start and sustain a business to grow to maturity. Besides, the physiological and psychological bases of need will provide the foundation on which the proposed business plan will be used to develop a framework that explains how the factors that that influence the customers can be manipulated by the consultant. References Cassar, G 2014, ‘Industry and start-up experience on entrepreneur forecast performance in new firms,’ Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 1, no. 29, pp. 137-15. Churchill, G A Iacobucci, D 2010, Marketing research: methodological foundations, Macmillan Publishing, New York. Ch wolka, A Raith, M G 2012, ‘The value of business planning before start-up—A decision-theoretical perspective’, Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 3, no. 27, pp. 385-399. Daymon, C Holloway, I 2010, Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications, Routledge, New York. Galician, M L 2013, Handbook of product placement in the mass media: New strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics, Routledge, New York. JÃ ¤rvensivu, T TÃ ¶rnroos, J Ã… 2010, ‘Case study research with moderate constructionism: Conceptualization and practical illustration’, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 1, no. 39, pp.100-108. Palmatier, R W, Dant, R P, Grewal, D Evans, K R 2006, ‘Factors influencing the effectiveness of relationship marketing: a meta-analysis’, Journal of marketing, vol. 4, no. 70, pp. 136-153. Ries, E 2011, The lean start-up: How today’s entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to crea te radically successful businesses’, London, Random House LLC. Simmons, S A, Wiklund, J Levie, J 2014, ‘Stigma and business failure: implications for entrepreneurs’ career choices’, Small Business Economics, vol. 3, no. 42, pp. 485-505. Teece, D J 2010, ‘Business models, business strategy and innovation’, Long range planning, vol. 2, no. 43, pp. 172-194. This proposal on Business Plan: Consultancy Services was written and submitted by user Kiera Christensen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Сomparison and Contrasting Country Lovers and Child of the Americas

Ð ¡omparison and Contrasting Country Lovers and Child of the Americas In every literary works, the author uses his or her life experience and the immediate social, political and spiritual practices to educate or pass a specific message to the society. For instance in her intriguing epic country lovers, Nadine Gordimer focuses on the social prejudices practiced in an environment which harbors mixed races.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ð ¡omparison and Contrasting: Country Lovers and Child of the Americas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through discussing the adventures and social attributes of the characters, Gordimer highlights the aspect of racism. On the other hand, Aurora Morales expresses her poetic skills by enlightening the reader on the aspect of ethnicity as practiced in her contemporary society. Although both Gordimer and Morales apply different forms and style of writing literature, each of them condemns social injustices less seriously. While Gordimer highlights constrained relationship arising from aspects like racism, Morales boasts of her ethnic culture as a way to call for unity. Through focusing on the social and political relationships and elusive interaction of various characters in the articles, the next discussion elaborates the theme of racism/ethnicity while highlighting their similarities and differences. Critical analysis of Gordimer and Morales’ pieces of work highlight some differences as per literature. For instance, both authors apply different forms of writing literary works to express their artistic skills. Gordimer writes a short story in form of a narrative giving it ironical title country lovers. Gordimer has organized the story in form of well-structured paragraphs accurately punctuated. Furthermore, each paragraph highlights a different idea. For instance, the first paragraph gives the picture of the environment or the setting of the story as a farm, which harbors two races blacks and whites. Moreover, the au thor enables the readers to pick out the main theme of the story from the first paragraph. The rest of the paragraphs give emphasis on the theme by applying aspects like the direct speech, which is a common element in short stories. More over, Gordimer applies the aspect of narration and vivid description, which draws the picture of her story in the readers mind. For example, she describes Thebedi’s hut, which is made of raw bricks with a chimney thus, mimicry of the white man’s house. Inside the hut there is a bed made from iron, wooden table and boxes. At the same time, she gives a description of Paulus house as a permanent structure with thick walls to prevent penetration of heat and inside the house there is a kitchen with plenty of foodstuffs and servants, dining room and with numerous bedrooms. Therefore, Gordmer’s description of the two homesteads enables her to emphasize her theme of racism (Spain, 2012, p.770). While the blacks live in abject poverty, t he white masters live in large, well build permanent structures.Advertising Looking for research paper on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the above analysis, Gordimer is against economic differences, which arise because of racism. Although Njabulo is a servant in a white man’s house, he is unable to build a permanent house for his family. The huts are traditional houses of the African society, which are not only unstable but also prone to distraction in strong weather conditions like storms. On the contrary, Morales express her artistic nature by writing her literary work in form of a poem. Written in four stanzas, each stanza has different number of lines highlighting a different aspect. Each stanza starts with the letter â€Å"I†, which is common in most poems. The first stanza emphasizes on the author’s title child of Americas therefore, underscoring the aspect of ethnicity in the society. There are many aspects of poetry expressed for instance repetition of the expression â€Å"I am†, which shows the author is more concerned about her ethnic identity in a foreign environment with multiple cultures (Rich, 1982, 54). The narrator has accepted her culture, race, ethnic background and identity as an American. In addition, Morales add rhythm to the poem to accentuate the element of rhyme, which is common in poetry. For example, the first two lines in stanza three produce a rhythmic fashion as shown below â€Å"I am not African.   Africa is in me, but I cannot return.† This intrigues the reader to appreciate the author’s cultural and ethnic identity. Thus, silently appreciating the social diversity found in America. The second difference evident in the two pieces of literary works is the setting of the Gordimer’s story and Morales’ poem. The short story is set in a farm, in which the owners are whites while the blacks only offer labor. The farm has many families where children play together. Unfortunately, only the white children enroll in school. The author elaborates the theme of her story by writing â€Å"the farm children only play together when they are small but once the white children go away to school, they soon dont† (Gordimer, 1988, p.3). Therefore, Gordimer underscores the racial segregation in her setting. Similarly, children know how to make toys of oxen and bracelets using beans and castor oil seeds (Gordimer, 1988, p.3). Gordimer shows that the whites are colonizers who oppress the black people and have set social rules in the environment that have culminated into injustices. There are no schools for black children, the black people are servants and neither of them freely visits each other’s house. Romantic interracial sexual relationships are illegal, an aspect, which has been socially accepted. Critical analysis of the story proves that the setting of the st ory is in Africa with the whites being immigrants who forcefully decided to rule the natives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ð ¡omparison and Contrasting: Country Lovers and Child of the Americas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contrarily, the setting of Morales story is in America. In the first stanza and from the first line, the writer confesses, â€Å"I am a child of the Americas† (Morales, n.d, stanza 1). However, although the whites dominantly inhabit America, there are other ethnic groups and races like Jews, Spanish and African among others. However, the narrator applauds other races and countries, which have contributed to the richness of the American culture. Comparison of the main themes in Gordimer and Morales literary works accentuates some differences. For example, Gordimer silently condemns racial prejudice in her contemporary society by vividly describing the social activities in th e farm and its surroundings. The first instance of racial practice Gordimer points at is the separation of the black and white children especially when the latter enrolls in boarding schools. Although in their early childhood, their parents allow them to play together; this habit dies out as the children progress into adulthood. Secondly, a romantic relationship between different racial groups is a social taboo as experienced by Thebedi and Paulus. Paulus is white while Thebedi is black; however, the two accept their childhood friendship to culminate into an illegal love affair. Gordimer condemn racism when she writes, â€Å"He told her, each time, when they would meet again† (clungston, 2010, p.11). Intuitively it was a taboo for the two lovebirds to have an open relationship. Although their relationship grew, but it seemed like a game of hide and seek. Thus, forcing them to have their sexual adventures in weird locations like the riverbank, away from the public. At this lev el, Gordimer enlightens the reader on the impact of racism on social development among children. Furthermore, after a few sexual adventures, Paulus impregnates Thebedi. Ironically, her parent marries her off to a black man to conceal any form of suspicion from the white master (Paulus father). Due to social prejudice, Paulus kills his child to escape embarrassment and further punishment from his parents. Thebedi refrains from stopping Paulus to kill her child because of her identity as a black woman. Therefore, Gordimer proves that racial segregation is a barrier to social development and can lead to social or human injustices as experienced by Thebedi. Thebedi is sure Paulus killed her child but she is unable to testify openly against him retracting her initial accusations. The author writes â€Å"Yet a year later, she retracted her testimony and in a calmer manner testified,† she had not seen what the white man did in the house† (Clugston, 2010, p. 49). Therefore, The bedi’s identity as a black woman forces her to accept oppression from the white man. Moreover, the judge not only drags the case for at least a year but he also rules in favor of the white man. According to Gordimer, racism culminates into social injustices like murder and oppression thus, social growth in a multiracial environment.Advertising Looking for research paper on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On contrary, in her epic masterpiece Morales focuses on ethnicity in the society more so, America which, harbors many immigrants. The main theme of her poem is to emphasize self-identity a problem experienced by most Americans especially due to ethnicity. Social diversity is an aspect that America currently experiences. Therefore, the first line of the first stanza confirms the author’s message to the reader â€Å"I am a child of the Americas†¦A child of many Diaspora, born into this continent at a crossroad†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Morales, n.d, stanza 4). The native people of America are the American Indians while all the other citizens like Europeans, African Americans, blacks, Spanish and Jews among others are immigrants. All these races have enriched America’s ethnic culture. However, the ethnicity has led to oppression, disunity and lack of identity amid other social problems. Therefore, Morales poem is not only appreciating her culture but also calling upon other pe ople to embrace and use their culture for the social development of America. In the last line of the last stanza, the author writes, â€Å"I was born at the crossroads and I am whole† this statement emphasizes the rich cultural heritage America boasts posses (Morales, n.d). Although these traditions culminated from a turbulent past experience, all immigrants whether slaves, tradesmen or natives proudly belong to one country, America. Therefore, the ability of the Americans to struggle, persevere and integrate into one society proves that cultural diversity is essential for the social development. Comparatively, both Gordimer and Morales, focus on social development as an important feature in the society. Gordimer highlights racial segregation as a social barrier, which eventually, leads to oppression and other forms of prejudices in society. Similarly, Morales praises ethnicity as an aspect that should promote cultural growth especial in a multiracial environment. According t o her poem, all Jews, Spanish, African American and Europeans living in America are Americans. Thus, the different ethnic groups should unite to explore and integrate into the unique culture. Both authors express the negative impact of racism and ethnicity in the society. While Gordimer presents oppression and social injustices as the outcome of racism, Morales focuses on lack of self-identity and esteem as the eventual impact of ethnicity when traded on the wrong grounds. The second similarity evident in the two pieces of work is the application of the literary elements like metaphors and similes. Although the authors use different types of literary techniques, each of them uses these literary techniques to emphasize their themes. In her short story, Gordimer embraces similes especially when comparing the social lives of the blacks and the whites. For example, after finding out Thebedi’s baby belongs to him Paulus says, â€Å"I feel like killing myself† (clungston, 20 10, p.10). Paulus statement proves that racism is highly practiced in his society. Therefore, he relates his relationship with Thebedi to death. Analytically, Gordimer uses this element to condemn silently racism because practicing it is equally to killing a human being. Another simile, which expresses racism appears when the author says, â€Å"Already at birth there was on its head a quantity of straight, fine floss, like that which carries the seeds of certain weeds in the veld.† (Gordimer,n.d, par.6) according to this statement, Gordimer shows that Thebedi’s daughter was illegal and therefore, unwanted in her society. Thus, the author highlights inhumanity because eventually, Paulus kills the little innocent baby because of fear, racism and oppression as commonly practiced in his society. In addition, Gordimer uses metaphors to express black color as ugly thus, not beautiful to look at or admire. For instance, she describes Njabulo skin as â€Å"matt, opaque coffee -grounds† (Anderson, 1991, P.20). According to the author, although the black skin is unique, people tend to despite the victim. Therefore, she condemns segregation of the blacks especially by the white people who think their skin color is superior. Eventually, she uses the black and white skin to promote racial unity an element that constantly misses in the society. Similarly, Morales applies the art of metaphors to express her poetic skills and educate the reader on the importance of embracing ethnic unity. The first metaphors, she coins is â€Å"I am not African, Africa is in me†¦Spanish is in my flesh†¦I am not European, Europe lives in me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Morales, n.d. stanza 1-4). The aforementioned group of metaphors highlights the narrator’s identity, culture and ethnic background. However, intuitive analysis of the poem reveals that the narrator accepts herself as an African, Spanish and European. When she writes,† Europe lives in me â€Å"(Mora les, n.d, stanza 1 line 5), it means that the narrator accepts Europeans as Americans who were unable to be accommodated in their original country because of oppression, economic constraints and religious conflicts among other social, political and economic problems. While the phrase â€Å"Spanish is in my flesh† (Morales, n.d, stanza 1 line 3), highlights the integration, intermingling and eventual assimilation of the Spanish people into America thus, giving them a common identity as Americans. Additionally, the metaphor â€Å"Africa is in me† mean Africans came into America as slaves, however, with the abolishment of slavery they became Americans. Surprisingly, the African culture still lingers in African Americans because of the origin and traditions that has not changed for many ages. Therefore, acceptance of all the races in America transforms America into a peaceful country with multiple cultures, racial identities and traditions among others. The fourth metaphor Morales applies is â€Å"I was born at the crossroads and I am whole† (n.d, stanza 4 line 1), her literary expression describes American people as originating from diverse background. Besides, American Indians, there is no other American person who can claim that America is his or her native land. African, Spanish, Jewish and European cultures are all form a unique American culture while at the same time retaining the individual cultural practices. According to Morales, lack of self-identity especially in relation to ethnicity has slowed down social development culture. Essentially, the different ethnic groups in America should create a rich culture that would build self-esteem of most Americans. In conclusion, Gordimer constructs her short story to educate the society on the negative impact of racism. She uses different literary techniques like narration, similes and metaphors to put emphasis on her theme. On the other hand, Morales writes a short poem to preach against the use of ethnicity in oppressing others especially in America. She calls upon all Americans to embrace ethnic unity for the social development. She uses metaphoric expression to emphasize her theme. Finally, both authors not only use similar literary techniques like metaphors but they also focus on a common goal social development in the society. References Anderson, P. (1991). Attitudes to Race in Nadine Gordimers Country Lovers and Alice  Walkers The Welcome Table’. New York. Indie Print publishers Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into Literature. California: Bridgepoint Education publishers. Gordimer.N. (n.d). Country lovers. Retrieved from https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/22/Country%20Lovers.pdf Gordimer, N. (1988). Town and Country Lovers . New York. Reclam Philipp publishing company. Morales, L. A. (n.d). Child of the Americas. In Lauraa.diaz-authors page. Web. Rich, P. (1982). Tradition and revolt in South African Fiction: The Novels of Andre Brink, Nadine Gordimer and J.M. Coetzee. Journal of Southern African Studies, 9 (1), 54-73 Spain, A. (2012). Event, Exceptionalism, and the Imperceptible: The Politics of Nadine Gordimers the Pickup. MFS: Modern Fiction Studies, 58 (4), 747-772.

Financial Ratio Analysis for BAE Systems Plc Case Study

Financial Ratio Analysis for BAE Systems Plc - Case Study Example After the September 11 tragedy which shocked the global business environment becomes a grim reminder for nations to improve their defense systems. BAE Systems Plc (BAE) traces its origin to the 7.7 billion merger of Marconi Electronic Systems which is the defense electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company Plc and British Aerospace which specializes in the manufacture of aircraft, ammunition, and naval systems. Out of these prestigious business organizations, its establishment in 1999 equipped with a unique competitive advantage which enables it to position itself as the third largest global defence company and sixth largest US defense company employing 97, 500 highly skilled people. Financial ratio analysis is a very essential tool in assessing the financial health of a business entity. It enables a financial analyst to spot trends in a business and to compare it with the performance of similar business enterprises within the same industry. This tool is currently utilized by business managers, investors, creditors, suppliers, and other decision makers in order to determine the financial performance and well being of a business organisation. ... These are profitability ratios, financial leverage ratios, liquidity/solvency ratios, and efficiency ratios. In order to get a deeper insight of BAE's financial performance, its computed financial ratios will be benchmarked with its competitor's Cobham Plc. The rationale of choosing these two business organizations is simple. It should be noted that both of them are regarded as important players in the global pharmaceutical industry. Being in the same line of business and the same industry, it is right to assume that BAE and Cobham Plc both face the same challenges and opportunities in the sector under consideration. This assumption justifies the comparability of their financial performance during the fiscal years. 2.1. Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure the ability of the company to generate income from its investments less the costs incurred (Fraser & Ormiston 2004). The ratios computed for this category are return on capital employed, sales profit margin, and return on equity. Return on capital employed is a variant of return on investment which measures how well the company is utilizing its capital. The computed sales profit margin, which is the ratio of operating income to sales measures as a percentage of sales, show the excess revenue from sales over cost of normal operation excluding financing. On the other hand, return on equity measures how much wealth is created for the company's stockholders for every shares that they have on hand (Fraser and Ormiston 2006). Logically, higher performance ratios indicate a healthier financial condition. Table 1. Profitability Ratios Comparison Table 1 shows the comparative profitability

Crisis Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Crisis Management - Essay Example This leads us to the fourth important characteristic of a crisis, which is need of initiating a change. If there is no need of a change, it is possible to describe the event under consideration as an incident, or a failure, and not a crisis (Crandall, Parnell and Spillan, 2010). Crisis management differs from risk management. Risk management involves analyzing the potential threats, and finding out the best method of avoiding these threats. Crisis management involves analyzing the threats before their emergence, and also after they have emerged. Crisis management is a discipline, within a wider perspective of management (Blyth, 2009). It consists of techniques and skills that an individual needs to identify, understand, assess and cope up with serious managerial and organizational situations. The skills of crisis management should be put into use, from the time in which the crisis begins, to the time in which the recovery process ends. Identifying those threats is an essential process of crisis management (Crandall, Parnell and Spillan, 2010). It is the occurrence of these threats that the management of an organization will develop a series of plans and strategies to protect the business organization from collapsing or falling. For purposes of reducing uncertainties in the event of an occurrence of a cri sis, organizations normally develop a crisis management plan. A crisis management plan identifies the process which an organization will initiate for purposes of solving the problem under consideration. Crisis management has a direct relation with business. Most business organizations normally undergo a crisis in one form or another. A good example is in 1993 when Pepsi faced a crisis in its operations (Gilpin and Murphy, 2008). This is when syringes were found in the cans belonging to Pepsi. The organization advised the stores where these syringes were found to retain the cans, until an investigation was completed. It

Compare and Contrast the Spaniards' Attitudes toward the Native Essay

Compare and Contrast the Spaniards' Attitudes toward the Native Culture and People They Encountered with the Aztec - Essay Example The modern appreciation of historical facts gave birth to a thorough analysis of the events of the past and what the Western historians were at times unable to point out or those that were dismissed. Essentially, there were things that must be taken into consideration. â€Å"The conquistadors caught a fleeting glance of a civilization with a theology and symbolism as complex as contemporary Catholicism† (Fagan, p.343). The full understanding of any story must involve weighing in all possible accounts of what took place. It cannot be limited to an assertion inferred as fundamental facts. The same goes for a deeper understanding of the Conquistadors arrival and their colonization of the Aztecs. Limiting to the Spaniards’ accounts and personal inclinations gives rise to bias so that revisiting the available accounts of the natives must be integrated. This illuminates any historical reading to have an impartial assessment to reconcile facts from fiction. What Bernal Diaz pr ovided in â€Å"The True History of the Conquest of New Spain† was a personal account of the battle with the Aztecs. It was a vivid narration that aims to disclose the true occurrences of the battle to provide for a more genuine description to put to rest all other claims proliferated by others. It contained detailed descriptions of the practices of the actual encounter. The most graphic were the practices of the natives on their captives, â€Å"with stone knives they sawed open their chests and drew out their palpitating hearts and offered them to the idols that were there, and they kicked the bodies down the steps, and Indian butchers who were waiting below cut off the arms and feet and flayed (the skin off) the faces† (Diaz, n.p.). The autobiographical account described the cannibalistic practices of the natives. The cries of the people on the destruction of their city, though veiled through the words of Diaz, seem to be valid reason for their anger. The people soug ht for the reconstruction of what they have lost. Diaz, as Wyman noted in her introduction came from a more deprived background wherein his venture into foreign land was for personal gain. The mind of a soldier and his hardships primarily regulate his point of view. The brotherhood among soldiers and their sufferings would be most palpable to him. This is apparent in the account as a strict narrative of a battle. This particular endeavour was the principal reason for his ascent into the social strata which maintains his courageous stance amidst the difficulties. Inadvertently, Diaz divulged Aztec practices such as how women helped the men by making their crude weapons including the preparation of the stones for their slings and in the sounding of the devices. In contrast to the narrative of Diaz, Hernan Cortes presents to the monarchy a descriptive account of the city of Temixtitlan under Moctezuma. He illustrates a place filled with life and vitality. It is one where there are soci al centers filled with economic growth. The market is filled with products and various trades. There are also specialized shops such as apothecaries and an indication of medicinal application including the sale of much sought after herbs and spices. â€Å"This Province is in the form of a circle, surrounded on all sides by lofty and

An Analysis Of The Extended Mind Philosophy Essay

An Analysis Of The Extended Mind Philosophy Essay à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Minds like ours can (without the need for any radically new techniques, technologies, or interventions) extend into the world (Clark, 2010, p. 81). Evaluate this statement with reference to the literature on extended cognition. This essay aims to study the extended mind, without any need of completely adapting new techniques, technology, or interventions the minds like ours can launch into the world (Clark, 2010). The focus of the essay will be on internal and external representation of the mind and will evaluate the statement made by Clark (2010) with reference to other literature on extended cognition. Cognitive science believes that the mind has mental representations which are similar to computer data structures and computational procedures analogous and computational algorithms. Cognitive researchers have put forward that the mind holds mental representations as rules, images, logical proposition, and concepts (Dawson 1998). According to Norman (1988, 1993) cognition is viewed as terms of knowledge in the head and knowledge in the world. According to Clark (2010) one of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is the extended mind, which refers to the concept between the mind and the environment, from the thesis of Clark and Chalmers (1998) active externalism or Hypothesis of Extended Cognition (HEC). The extended mind commences with the inquiry of where does the mind stop and the rest of the world begin? in respond to the question Clark and Chalmers (1998) present an alternative view with Hypothesis of Extended cognition (HEC). This is to be distinguished from the more traditional externalism meaning from the writing of (Putnam, 1975 Burge, 1986). Clark is asking for people to visualize that individuals could rotate images of geometrical shapes on a computer screen, by the use of a neural implant in their heads or by using a rotate button in the world. Clark affirmed that the implant perspective is evidently cognitive; therefore the button perspective is as well, in spite of either if they are carried out in the head or in the world (cited in Clark 2008). For this reason, it can be argued that the mind extends into the world which was Clarks belief in technology, physical objects, chips and CD-ROMs, as external memory stores that individuals can consult as needs dictate sort of coupled systems (Clark and Chalmers 1998). According to Dartnall (2007); (Schegloff, 1992, cite Alterman, 2007), Clark and Chalmers (1998) admitted that the processes in the world might be seen as individual, truly mental states-experiences, desires, emotions, beliefs, and so on might be in the mind. Nevertheless when it is performed in the head, it should also add up as cognitive when it is carried out in the world, Dartnall (2005) affirmed that the mind leaks or loops into the world. Clark and Chalmers (1998) argued that cognitive processes extend into the world when an individual uses pen and paper to solve a problem, using language to work or to solve a problem and the use of computers. Zhang and Norman (1994) draw our attention to internal representations as being intrinsic to many cognitive tasks and not just input and stimuli to the internal mind. This means that all these researchers thesis show a supportive argument toward Clark (2010) stating that the human mind can be extended into the world. Clark and Chalmers (1998) made such arguments as cognitive states being Parity argument by the things in the environment, in which they identify a number of possible objections to this argument such as the cognitive and the conscious, portability and reliability. They demonstrate two untrue characters to support their argument that the mind can extend into the world, using the example of Otto and Inga, who were both interested in art. Inga has a normal functioning brain, while Otto suffers from Alzheimers disease. They hear about an exhibition at different times and places and they both decide to go, Otto consults his notebook, which says that the museum is on 53rd street so he went to 53rd street to the museum. Whereas Inga recalls that the museum is on 53rd street and walks to the exhibition, as a result of this case Clark and Chalmers (1998) stated that the notebook plays the same role for Otto that biological memory plays for everyone else. They concluded for this reason that som e external objects execute this duty, and that some of our cognitive processes transcend the boundaries of skin and skull (Clark 2008). The HEC has been thoroughly criticized by Adams and Aizawa (2001) defenders of brainbound or organismbound approach to cognition. Clark and Chalmers, (1998) maintain their argument by pointing out to what extreme the mind extended, if someone hardly ever takes relevant action without consulting their Filofax, for instance, their cognitive system will be like that of the notebook in Ottos. Nevertheless if the individual frequently acted without consulting themselves, for example if the individual sometimes answers important questions with I do not know then the information in it counts less as part of individual belief system. Also if someone is relying on the internet is likely to fail on multiple counts, unless the individual is unusually computer reliant, facile with the technology, and trusting, but information on certain files on the individual computer may qualify (cited in Clark 2008). Dartnall, (2005) who argues for internalism and its epistemological implication that an individual can execute actions mentally that someone could typically carry out in the world. These are naturally achieved on inner analogues of external substance, which means that there is a leakage in both ways such as from world to mind, from mind to world. This parity argument has epistemological inference; if the individual can make an empirical discovery in the world using a procedure, then that procedure will also lead to empirical discovery when carried out in the head. For instance if a person walks into a room and sees a partially completed jigsaw puzzle on the table, looks at the puzzle and leaves the room. The person then mentally rotates one of the pieces and discovers where it fits into the puzzle. They have discovered something new, where the piece fits in the jigsaw puzzle, but how has the person done this? Not by straightforward empirical discovery, they did not have the direct en try to the puzzle when they solved it, or if they might have remember it when they walk into the room, because they did not know where it fitted when they were in the room and Shepard Metzler, (1971) also in support of this work also is consistent with Clark (2010) statement. A number of studies have highlighted that our mind extends into the world in support of Clark and Chalmers (1998); Clark (2010); Kosslyn (2006); Zhang and Patel (2006), (Baddeley, 1986; Smith and Jonides, 1997) (cited in Kosslyn 2006). In addition, Kosslyn argues that you are not restricted to whats in your head, but also includes things around you, including other people. Consequently, the self becomes distributed over other people who function as long term social prosthetic devices, cited in (Kosslyn 2006). Rupert (2004) developed a methodology for the hypothesis of extended cognition (HEC) which he called hypothesis of embedded cognition (HEMC), they are two divergent holds on cognitive scheme and their composition and their position in cognitive processing. HEC could more or less correspond to the viewpoint implemented by Clark (2008) those cognitive processes factually extends into the environment, while the traditional HEMC persists that cognitive organism is bound. According to the HEMC rely on cognitive processes, instead of being constituted by the external mechanism and strategy for cognition to happen without the external element being a factual part of the cognitive process. Rupert (2010) opposes Clark (2010), but does not fully reject the HEC. Thus, the HEMC has further empirical support and descriptive worth than HEC (cited in Dahlback, Stjernberg, Kristansson and Skagerlund, 2010). A recent study by Dahlback et al (2010), reviews the hypothesis of the extended mind and in order for them to support Clark and Chalmers (1998), they conducted an empirical study. They developed a definition of what cognitive processes are and how to examine cognitive systems, for instance how external memory support is actually used in elderly peoples everyday life. The participants were four elderly people with mild memory impairments and were diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, and some with a form of dementia. It was observe that one of the women kept the disposed plastic envelopes for the medicine she used and clipped it on her kitchen table. The woman stated that the envelope is a way of reminding her that a home healthcare practitioner as visited her as she will not remember. Dahlback, et al. (2010), pointed out that the plastic envelop is part of the womans memory system from an active internal process, since an already existing material artefact is put to use to improve her m emory, because they is no need to create a material artefact to improve the womans internal function any more. While Clark and Chalmers state that the mind can extend into the world through active externalism, that if process counts as cognitive when carried out in the head, then it could be also counted as cognitive when someone uses object as external memory via a notebook. Bs note were on the inside of her door, for her not to open the door for strangers, just like Otto, but Otto carries her own every were she goes. C uses a shopping list, because she forgets things all the time, while F has an appointment at podiatrist, which she has written and posted on her fridge, she then rewrites the note and the information has been mixed up. Dahlback, et al. (2010), Clark and Chalmers (1998), the imagination of Otto is not as straightforward as they may think in real life. Hence external memory support in this context is of question on how information finds its way into the external memory with participant Fs memory support functions. Dahlback et al (2010) concluded that extended mind hypothesis of Clark and Chalmers had been argued in isolation, for instance the hypothesis was not looked at in a wider theoretical framework surrounding all variety of cognition. In addition, the empirical debate has been slight be being limited to a few paradigms. Consequently, they supported Clark and Chalmers, but proposed alternative theoretical framework that Activity Theory could be used to illuminate some problems brought up in the debate. Activity Theory cognition is first and foremost organism centered and biologically evident in examples alternative from Clark and Chalmers, (1998). Hutchins (1995) argued that cognition is culturally and socially processed. The Activity Theory which is derived from Vygotskys (1978) cultural historical psychology, that the human mind is essentially associated to the interaction linked to the world and the human being. According to the Activity Theory, culture may not only be external which might have power over the human mind, instead is an underlying producing power that is an element of the extraordinarily manufacture of the mind. This finding is consistent with Clarks (2010) thesis, even though they have a different idea. Vygotsky (1978) is also debated Clark and Chalmers (1998) thesis, stating that the human mind is social in nature; that people are shaped by their language, how they are construed and by their culture as well, also that human beings live in a social and communal w orld. Although they has been critics such as Adams and Aizawa (2001) claiming that there might be a crucial difference between a real extended cognitive process where some external artifact in the world is element of an actual cognitive process and process that permit some process. They ask Clark a question: Why did the pencil think that 2 + 2 =4? And Clark answered because it was coupled with a mathematician. According to Adams and Aizawa (2010) in respond to Clarks answer they stated that, there were problems with Clarks extended mind hypothesis. They stated that Clark had no right explanation of the cognitive and the coupling constitution fallacy, so they made a theory mark of the cognitive, which may well prove that cognitive processes in fact are extended. Adams and Aizawa (2001) illustrated some artifact pencil and paper, in which they explain when using pen and paper and at the same time as carry out arithmetic which is rather difficult, the individual may not be able to work out the problem when using just their head and that the person needs to pass information onto the paper. They state that the paper and pen merely permitted a little cognitive process or else may be unattainable. While Menary (2010) feels that the mark of the cognitive is too limited. Adams and Aizawa (2010) propose an explanatory work, that cognition is constituted through underlying processes that involve non-derived content. They offer this in two ways, chemistry, and physics and by psychological laws. They stated that particular psychophysical laws, like Webers law, and psychological laws central memory formation and recall. Consequently they projected that the weight of empirical evidence supports the view that, since an object is of conditional empirical fact, that there are some processes that are identifiable cognitive, which happened in the brain and cannot cross from the brain into the external world. Clark (2010) argued that Adams and Aizawas (2010) argument is not strong enough, mark of the cognition, that cognition should be noticed not by its causes, but by its effects, which means Clark is arguing for a different cognition science which is the coupling constitution fallacy. Nevertheless Adams and Aizawa (2010) believe that Clark cannot come understand the view they had that cognition is a fundamental processing concerning non-derived content. As a result their work did not provoke Clark to address the problem of the most widespread problems with extracranial and transcranial theories of tool use. According to them, Clark did not offer a response to the coupling constitution fallacy and he gives a hint at what he thinks distinguishes the cognitive from the non cognitive. In conclusion this essay has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread extended mind debate and the statement made by (Clark 2010, p. 18) that minds like ours can (without the need for any radically new techniques, technologies, or interventions) extend into the world. It is possible to state that external representation has shown an option to the classical thesis of Clark (2010) view of all cognition taking place in the head. In addition, how it can be practical to be of assistance in real-world problem solving and arrangement of tasks, hence it provides insight into the association between human internal and external worlds and the nature of the mind itself. Furthermore other researches such as Clark, 2003, Clark and Chalmers, 1998, Dennett, 1996, Donald, 1991, Hutchins 1995 (cited in Dartnall, 2005) state that, cognitive processes extend into the world when individuals use pen and paper to work something out or the use of a computer. These findings suggest that the statement made by Clark with reference to other literature on extended cognition has brought new areas to be looked into like the need of technologies. Finally, a number of important limitations need to be considered, first Adams and Aizawa (2010) (cited in Clark 2008) which were the ones who attempted to argue what was wrong with the extended mind hypothesis and Clark stated that they fall short to successfully undermine the argument for the extended mind, because it seems that everyone agreed with Clark, but also bring alternative explanations. However, Adams and Aizawa (2010) argued that Clark was not able to address their theory of the mark of the cognitive, on the other hand Clark and Chalmers attempt to tackle the pervasive coupling constitution fallacy and set out a reasonable theory of what differentiates the cognitive from the non cognitive. The statement made by Clark and Chalmers (1998) has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation with empirical evidence to support the statement.